Episode 105
The emotional art of podcast editing with Matthew Bliss
When you’re listening to a podcast episode, do you notice the technical aspects of the edit?
If you said yes, I’m going to bet you’re either a very avid podcast listener, or you’re an editor yourself.
The truth of it is that most listeners don’t notice the editing on a podcast (unless it’s particularly bad).
The listener doesn’t hear the original raw audio. They haven’t seen the hours it has taken to craft a conversation into a compelling story, or the subtle use of silence to heighten emotions at key points.
What they hear is a polished episode that (hopefully) is a pleasure to listen to.
And the podcast editor has therefore done their job.
Our role is to make the edit so seamless that the listener accepts that it was recorded that way to begin with.
But the editor knows better.
The editor has shaped the story, got to know the host and/or the guest on a granular level down to every vocal tic and they’re invested.
I recently spoke to Matthew Bliss at MB Podcast Services about the role of the podcast editor and I’d be thrilled if you checked it out.
BAMBY MEDIA LINKS:
Matthew Bliss Links:
MB Podcast Services
business@mbpod.com
Matthew’s Podcasts:
Coffee with a Podcaster: https://coffeepodcaster.captivate.fm/listen
From My Home to Yours: https://frommyhometoyours.captivate.fm/listen
Kintsugi Heroes
Main Kintsugi Heroes Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvWGYmXsM8BDmYwcpDxI3gokMBKrBEKu3
Kintsugi Heroes - Alpine Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvWGYmXsM8BBz1ajxD6PrQ2fy-z7upiwY
Beyond the Deluge (Flood Stories): https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvWGYmXsM8BDGXkr_WaTfAeWIxMTDZ483
Episodes Referenced
Ep11 Scott Carson: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mQO42qIhoY&list=PLvWGYmXsM8BDmYwcpDxI3gokMBKrBEKu3&index=64&t=2s&ab_channel=KintsugiHeroes
Ep14 Martin Gillespie: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eikOQ9uQcn0&list=PLvWGYmXsM8BDmYwcpDxI3gokMBKrBEKu3&index=61&ab_channel=KintsugiHeroes
Ep23 Naomi Yano: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkqW7p-K2WI&list=PLvWGYmXsM8BDmYwcpDxI3gokMBKrBEKu3&index=52&ab_channel=KintsugiHeroes
GEAR WE USE HERE AT BAMBY MEDIA:
Aputure Amaran 200d LED Video Light
Pre-Amp/Mixers we recommend
Transcript
Today we have Matthew Bliss on the
Speaker:podcast matthew came into my orbit,
Speaker:I think on LinkedIn originally.
Speaker:As a podcast editor.
Speaker:So, someone on the other side that has
Speaker:the headphones on all the time, that
Speaker:listens to everything that all you
Speaker:podcasters do, and makes it better.
Speaker:I thought maybe today it was going to
Speaker:be a really interesting conversation
Speaker:to have with Matthew about the
Speaker:actual editing side of things.
Speaker:Because if you're not editing your own
Speaker:show and you're handing it off to a
Speaker:company, to an agency, to an editor,
Speaker:you don't quite get what's involved
Speaker:with taking what is sometimes a turd
Speaker:and turning it into something that
Speaker:is incredible, So that's basically
Speaker:our job a lot of the time is you
Speaker:give us something that you feel
Speaker:needs work and then we turn it into
Speaker:something that really tells a story.
Speaker:Matthew, I'd like to know, first
Speaker:off, what was the pull to get into
Speaker:podcasting in the first place?
Speaker:Well, for me, it largely started during
Speaker:the pandemic, getting started myself
Speaker:with a, with a humble blue Yeti, but
Speaker:understanding at the time as an Edison
Speaker:now that it's, very humble indeed.
Speaker:from 2020 until maybe, the end of 2021.
Speaker:That was my first
Speaker:journey into podcasting.
Speaker:I was, trying to figure out
Speaker:how to make me sound better
Speaker:and record engaging content.
Speaker:And for me having a very strong technical
Speaker:background in computer support and,
Speaker:training people with in IT, it meant that
Speaker:I started to hyper focus on every aspect.
Speaker:And the more you listen to yourself,
Speaker:the more you hear, how terrible
Speaker:you sound, which is, Partly a
Speaker:cognitive bias at the same time.
Speaker:It's a, technical issue if
Speaker:you have a blue Yeti that is.
Speaker:After that, I started hearing more
Speaker:and more and starting to fix more
Speaker:and more and you start hearing the
Speaker:reverb and how to fix that and treat
Speaker:your environment to reduce echo.
Speaker:then you jump the massive hurdle of
Speaker:parametric EQ and, it's a fun game.
Speaker:It's a tough game to get into,
Speaker:but, once you get over those hills
Speaker:of, Figuring out all the aspects of
Speaker:audio that you need to make a podcast
Speaker:sound either passable or fantastic.
Speaker:Then you kind of catch the
Speaker:bug to do it for other people.
Speaker:towards the beginning of 2023,
Speaker:I started doing it for others.
Speaker:And, yeah, it's sort of emerged
Speaker:into a little business that
Speaker:I've got going for myself.
Speaker:EQ, if anyone doesn't know what
Speaker:parametric EQ is, it is something
Speaker:where we take out, we listen to
Speaker:you intently from a, like, on the
Speaker:head, with the headphones or with
Speaker:studio monitors or something.
Speaker:We listened to your voice intently
Speaker:and we listened for all the annoying
Speaker:frequencies that most people won't
Speaker:realize are grating on them, but they
Speaker:are something that you can optimize
Speaker:and make someone sound a lot better.
Speaker:Especially if you're working with a
Speaker:microphone that isn't great and you're
Speaker:trying to give it more boost, you're
Speaker:trying to make it feel more like full
Speaker:of depth and full of some bass and then
Speaker:maybe the top end of that microphone
Speaker:has lots of sibilance and it has lots
Speaker:of little sort of sounds in that top
Speaker:that are really quite frustrating.
Speaker:That's one of the aspects of podcast
Speaker:editing that people don't really
Speaker:think about, but when we listen, we
Speaker:can hear all of that and you won't
Speaker:hear it because we've fixed it by
Speaker:the time it gets put out there.
Speaker:But there is an actual, definite,
Speaker:delicate balance that goes into making
Speaker:something sound better from EQ and you
Speaker:can also get it very wrong as well.
Speaker:So that's why Matthew was saying
Speaker:getting over that hurdle is actually
Speaker:quite a big one because until
Speaker:your ears are trained, you can't.
Speaker:You kind of don't even realize what
Speaker:it is that you are looking for.
Speaker:and it's something that you start
Speaker:to learn over time what makes
Speaker:it good versus not so great.
Speaker:And everyone's journey is different.
Speaker:Like I started with the Blue Yeti.
Speaker:That's not a parametric EQ problem.
Speaker:That's a reverb problem.
Speaker:Because it is a condenser mic
Speaker:that picks up the entire room.
Speaker:my next microphone after
Speaker:that was a Shure MV7X.
Speaker:Which is, by all accounts,
Speaker:a fantastic microphone.
Speaker:An XLR only microphone, not a USB.
Speaker:For my voice, if you're looking at a
Speaker:waveform, it just, sounded like all
Speaker:of the bars would be completely full
Speaker:on that waveform, like someone has
Speaker:done a really bad job editing it.
Speaker:Which is not the case, and unfortunately,
Speaker:if you're fighting a microphone with
Speaker:that issue, the real solution really
Speaker:is just to find a better microphone.
Speaker:I want to know from you, how invested
Speaker:we get as audio editors into the
Speaker:stuff that we're actually editing.
Speaker:So to give context, here at Bambi
Speaker:Media, we have five editors, and 60
Speaker:odd clients or something, a lot of
Speaker:clients, that we edit every week,
Speaker:we get very used to and emotionally
Speaker:invested in each of these hosts.
Speaker:We feel like we know them very well.
Speaker:We can tell when they're
Speaker:not feeling well.
Speaker:You can hear it in someone's voice when
Speaker:they're feeling a bit off or when they
Speaker:really shouldn't be recording because
Speaker:they're not really, like, that excited
Speaker:and they're not really that interested.
Speaker:They feel like they're
Speaker:pushing it out or something.
Speaker:We feel that we can hear it.
Speaker:And in the same way, Matthew has
Speaker:a podcast that he works on that.
Speaker:I'd like you to tell me the story
Speaker:of this podcast and the impact
Speaker:that that has had on you as an
Speaker:now this particular client I picked
Speaker:up while I was still in Australia,
Speaker:but currently living in Ireland.
Speaker:The podcast began as Kintsugi Heroes.
Speaker:now this was started by Ian Westmoreland
Speaker:as someone who's worked on mentoring
Speaker:men as a, uh, an organization to support
Speaker:men for over 11 years with the different
Speaker:kinds of issues that they experience.
Speaker:Much more common these
Speaker:days, I think, and visible.
Speaker:The art of Kintsugi, which inspired
Speaker:the name, is that the repairing
Speaker:of Japanese pottery with gold
Speaker:leaf to improve the value of that
Speaker:pottery after it's been broken.
Speaker:So that analogy carries over
Speaker:to the kinds of guests that are
Speaker:interviewed on Kintsugi Heroes.
Speaker:They are people who have experienced
Speaker:a great amount of trauma or adversity,
Speaker:and they have a story to tell and share.
Speaker:About how they overcame that adversity
Speaker:and have come out either for the
Speaker:better or Learn something about
Speaker:themselves or the world that they
Speaker:can share on the podcast with us,
Speaker:it's a very compelling podcast in the
Speaker:sense that There are some stories out
Speaker:there that you really wouldn't expect
Speaker:to hear that people can go through.
Speaker:in preparation for this, I, I thought
Speaker:of a few examples because at this
Speaker:stage, the podcast is about 64
Speaker:episodes in, and there's a few other
Speaker:podcasts they're starting to begin
Speaker:under the same umbrella, all dealing
Speaker:with different kinds of stories.
Speaker:Like, in 2019 and 2020, there was a
Speaker:massive bushfire in Victoria, New South
Speaker:Wales, and That entire series is done.
Speaker:You can look it up right now.
Speaker:It's called the Kintsugi
Speaker:Heroes Alpine series.
Speaker:And that one interviewed people who
Speaker:were in the depths of the fires.
Speaker:They were either fighting them or
Speaker:had to evacuate their house and
Speaker:have been in recovery since then.
Speaker:And shared those experiences.
Speaker:the current season that we're
Speaker:editing and releasing at the
Speaker:moment is called Beyond the Deluge.
Speaker:In 2022 in the town of Broke and the
Speaker:Hunter Valley in New South Wales,
Speaker:there was a massive flood, the kind
Speaker:that they haven't seen in 70 years.
Speaker:And even today, two years
Speaker:on, they're still recovering.
Speaker:People don't have their houses.
Speaker:They're still dealing
Speaker:with the fallout of that.
Speaker:but there's a couple of stories from the.
Speaker:The main podcast feed that really stand
Speaker:out in terms of the editing perspective
Speaker:as well as the listening perspective.
Speaker:Martin Gillespie, which I think
Speaker:was episode 14, he had come
Speaker:to Australia from Scotland.
Speaker:He had, Discovered he had a type of
Speaker:blood cancer, a very rare one, that he
Speaker:overcame, went home to visit his family,
Speaker:came back, and then found that his dad
Speaker:had had a heart attack while trimming the
Speaker:garden and landed on his garden shears.
Speaker:and it stabbed him right
Speaker:through the heart as well.
Speaker:So that was almost immediate death.
Speaker:Hang on.
Speaker:He had a heart attack and then
Speaker:stabbed himself in the heart.
Speaker:Potentially, I may be misremembering
Speaker:this one just a little bit.
Speaker:whatever the cause was, he fell off and
Speaker:landed on the shears that were sitting
Speaker:in his pocket and that was him gone.
Speaker:But the story doesn't end there.
Speaker:he had to immediately go back And, attend
Speaker:the funeral and be with his family.
Speaker:And upon attending the funeral, they
Speaker:discovered that there was someone
Speaker:in attendance who looked very much
Speaker:like him, almost exactly like him.
Speaker:they discovered that his father had
Speaker:been having an affair and a family
Speaker:with someone a couple of blocks away.
Speaker:And so he was introducing himself
Speaker:and coming to terms with having
Speaker:a brother that he never knew
Speaker:about, like a half brother.
Speaker:And then he went back to Australia
Speaker:and unfortunately the cancer returned,
Speaker:as someone who's experienced all
Speaker:that, he's very much focused on
Speaker:sharing information about good
Speaker:health and taking care of oneself.
Speaker:Hearing and editing those kinds
Speaker:of stories can be very traumatic.
Speaker:And it covers the whole gamut of things.
Speaker:There's someone who had their first child
Speaker:that was told it was in such poor health
Speaker:that it would die within the first week.
Speaker:They took it home.
Speaker:It took a month for the child to die.
Speaker:It had no positive prospect of living.
Speaker:But during this time, she also
Speaker:discovered that her husband had been
Speaker:cheating on her and asked him to
Speaker:stop, which unfortunately he didn't.
Speaker:So not only did she have to deal with
Speaker:separation from a child that she was
Speaker:expecting to have, but also a husband
Speaker:that she thought she could trust.
Speaker:And it took years to come out of that
Speaker:hole, but she's come out for the better.
Speaker:So The Kintsugi Heroes feed is
Speaker:Available for you to look at if
Speaker:you're curious to hear more of these
Speaker:stories or if it resonates with
Speaker:you dear listener as someone who's
Speaker:experienced that kind of trauma it's
Speaker:part of the reason the podcast exists
Speaker:is that these stories can be shared
Speaker:and Part of the road to recovery is
Speaker:understanding that it's not just you.
Speaker:You're not alone but also
Speaker:that these stories can kind
Speaker:of inform your own recovery.
Speaker:Sharing is a big part of recovering
Speaker:from these kinds of traumas, so
Speaker:the podcast is a way to do that.
Speaker:how lost do you get in
Speaker:the edit, in the story?
Speaker:How do you feel like it has changed
Speaker:you or has it changed you working on
Speaker:a show like this that has a lot of
Speaker:storytelling and emotion involved?
Speaker:well look, this is probably one of
Speaker:those things where I think to myself,
Speaker:I was probably built for this.
Speaker:Because I have a very easy time
Speaker:kind of rolling off the issues that
Speaker:get talked about on these episodes.
Speaker:in terms of the investment, hearing
Speaker:the raw detail of these stories.
Speaker:does mean that you are making
Speaker:interesting choices sometimes.
Speaker:I remember the first episode that
Speaker:I edited, there was someone talking
Speaker:who had, I think his wife had a brain
Speaker:hemorrhage while they were on a bike
Speaker:ride, or someone had assaulted her,
Speaker:I can't quite recall, but During
Speaker:the podcast, because he had his
Speaker:own company where he was mentoring
Speaker:and coaching and talking to people,
Speaker:he had a way of delivering his
Speaker:content that had so much impact.
Speaker:The problem with that as a podcast editor
Speaker:is at least at the very surface level,
Speaker:you think, okay, no spaces, we don't
Speaker:want to hear waffle, we want to remove
Speaker:filler words, all these things that AI
Speaker:purports to do, but we'll maybe talk
Speaker:about that in a sec, now listening to it
Speaker:and the way that he delivers the content,
Speaker:you start to have to think to yourself,
Speaker:well, how do I edit this thing together?
Speaker:Because every word has such gravity.
Speaker:and impact to it, and such raw emotion.
Speaker:Like, as a raw conversation, you
Speaker:probably want to leave it alone.
Speaker:You know that as a podcast listener,
Speaker:you're not going to sit there waiting
Speaker:with two seconds of silence between
Speaker:every sentence to continue listening.
Speaker:There's just a different audio
Speaker:listening experience to, to listen to.
Speaker:watching someone.
Speaker:part of the emotional investment
Speaker:of doing the editing is hearing
Speaker:the story and wanting to make sure
Speaker:that that story that you end up
Speaker:cutting together doesn't remove what
Speaker:represents what they're trying to do.
Speaker:that you're representing
Speaker:them as they are, but also
Speaker:making it an experience for the
Speaker:listener where they can feel connected
Speaker:even if they can't see the person.
Speaker:Is that
Speaker:essentially what you're saying?
Speaker:what that means necessarily as an editor
Speaker:is you have to be open emotionally to
Speaker:feeling the experience and understanding
Speaker:what the listener's experience will be
Speaker:like listening to that emotional moment.
Speaker:And that's probably the biggest
Speaker:part of doing this kind of editing
Speaker:for these types of stories.
Speaker:Yeah, it's very powerful, and I
Speaker:think, one of the best ways to pull
Speaker:that emotion, is when I hear things
Speaker:like this where it's a story that's
Speaker:developing and there's someone that's
Speaker:getting really emotional about a
Speaker:topic, is I let, I let the silence
Speaker:go But then I find music or folly and
Speaker:I put it in to heighten the emotion.
Speaker:Because what I want is the listener
Speaker:to do is really feel like tingles.
Speaker:I want to pull out as much of
Speaker:the actual emotion that I can.
Speaker:And sometimes, The best way to do that
Speaker:is actually introducing low level string
Speaker:pads or some sort of building music
Speaker:that, that really creates this sense
Speaker:of urgency or, you know, or just it.
Speaker:sadness, whatever the emotion
Speaker:is, that's something that can
Speaker:absolutely help in those situations.
Speaker:If you don't have video cues, if
Speaker:you're only working with audio,
Speaker:certainly what I've found to be
Speaker:the most effective in doing that.
Speaker:so I've been doing this now for
Speaker:about a decade as an audio editor.
Speaker:And then before that, a podcast editor,
Speaker:before that I was 15 years as a musician.
Speaker:And so obviously I'm very rooted in,
Speaker:creating stories and telling stories
Speaker:and pulling emotions out of music.
Speaker:Then when I moved into audio,
Speaker:speech, I had that struggle that
Speaker:you explain where it's like, how
Speaker:do I get that emotion to land?
Speaker:Like, it needs to land, it needs
Speaker:space, but It also can't be boring.
Speaker:Like it can't be too full of gaps.
Speaker:It has to be something that pulls
Speaker:someone along that keeps them listening.
Speaker:I worked on a show called Slave
Speaker:Stealer originally by, brought to you
Speaker:by Operation Underground Railroad.
Speaker:It was actually one
Speaker:of my first ever jobs.
Speaker:And I would sit there bawling, like
Speaker:actually bawling my eyes out, editing
Speaker:this show, because they talked about
Speaker:child sex trafficking, they talked about
Speaker:really just awful things, and going
Speaker:on missions, and, rescuing children,
Speaker:and I had a small child at the time.
Speaker:and I couldn't separate
Speaker:from
Speaker:the emotion of that because it
Speaker:felt so real, it felt so real.
Speaker:Like, it didn't make sense to me that
Speaker:this was a world, firstly, that I never
Speaker:knew existed before that moment, before
Speaker:I started editing this particular show,
Speaker:And I couldn't unlearn it as well.
Speaker:And that's something that, as a
Speaker:podcast editor, you now know all these
Speaker:things that you never knew before and
Speaker:it brings you to a different place.
Speaker:That's why I asked the question
Speaker:of, like, how has it changed you?
Speaker:For me, personally, it changed me in
Speaker:a you know, Instrumental way where I
Speaker:went hang on my life is a tiny bubble
Speaker:I'm a tiny speck on a giant world
Speaker:where there's a bunch of stuff good
Speaker:and bad that happens and how can I
Speaker:create a experience for someone where
Speaker:firstly they learn something, they
Speaker:feel a real emotion, and hopefully
Speaker:they do something as a result of what
Speaker:they're just listening to or watching,
Speaker:if that's, if it's a video experience.
Speaker:So I definitely understand, and I
Speaker:definitely see the power in creating
Speaker:space, silence, and then also
Speaker:using music and folly to heighten
Speaker:a mood in ways that your audience
Speaker:doesn't even actually notice.
Speaker:Realize is happening
Speaker:Mm-Hmm.
Speaker:Yeah, that's the best use of music.
Speaker:I'm just discovering this for myself.
Speaker:and I guess that if you watch the trailer
Speaker:for the Flood series for Kintsugi Heroes,
Speaker:you'll hear some of that work for me.
Speaker:Like, I picked a, we've got
Speaker:the host delivering kind of a
Speaker:monologue about an introduction to
Speaker:the series and their experience.
Speaker:And it's like a piano interlude from
Speaker:a royalty free music site, and it
Speaker:just kind of crescendos the more he
Speaker:talks about it, but you can't just
Speaker:mathematically put that into, a waveform.
Speaker:You have to feel it.
Speaker:You're probably very familiar with the
Speaker:moment where you put a track in and
Speaker:you kind of shuffle it around and move
Speaker:it to different places and then you
Speaker:hear them say the thing and it like
Speaker:hits the big moment in the track and
Speaker:you're like, oh man, that's the one.
Speaker:when it does drop off too.
Speaker:It's like it heightens.
Speaker:heightens, heightens, heightens, and
Speaker:then it's just, you know, and it makes
Speaker:you feel, makes you feel things, which
Speaker:I think is the whole point of your job.
Speaker:Of my job.
Speaker:Although I don't edit very much anymore.
Speaker:I kind of wish I did.
Speaker:it gets me so excited about,
Speaker:I just love all this stuff.
Speaker:Your job is so important and it's
Speaker:something that if you edit your own
Speaker:show as well, the listener, you know
Speaker:that you actually understand how
Speaker:important your job is to create a
Speaker:sense of purpose around each individual
Speaker:episode that you're creating.
Speaker:Why does it exist?
Speaker:Who is it for?
Speaker:What emotion are you trying to evoke?
Speaker:Is there a story that you can feed?
Speaker:into it?
Speaker:And then how do you tie it all together
Speaker:into something that feels really
Speaker:firstly produced, not overproduced,
Speaker:but feels succinct and like someone
Speaker:can actually learn from as well.
Speaker:So yeah, I just think that
Speaker:it's an important role
Speaker:podcasting is getting flooded There's
Speaker:so many people that are coming
Speaker:to the medium keen to get stuck
Speaker:in and share their own stories.
Speaker:But a lot of what gets talked
Speaker:about is the technical stuff.
Speaker:And that's when the AI stuff comes
Speaker:in and platforms like Riverside, they
Speaker:can offer functions like removing
Speaker:ums and ahs and fillers and silences.
Speaker:But as we just said, those
Speaker:silences, there's value in them.
Speaker:I don't think I've seen a course offered
Speaker:for podcasters on how to emotionally
Speaker:resonate and express a podcasting story.
Speaker:And if there are some, then I'd love
Speaker:to hear about them because they would
Speaker:be the ones to recommend to people
Speaker:to, to get a decent podcast going.
Speaker:And again, you know, every
Speaker:podcast is different.
Speaker:If it's video game news, if it's
Speaker:movie reviews, it's going to be
Speaker:lighthearted, but if you're someone
Speaker:with a story or, telling people's
Speaker:stories, then having the skills to do
Speaker:the things we've talked about today is
Speaker:going to be really important to you.
Speaker:Oh, Matthew, it's been so great
Speaker:having a chat to you about.
Speaker:Something that I personally
Speaker:I'm obsessed with it.
Speaker:obviously being someone who's
Speaker:now been working in the space
Speaker:for so long and not sick of it.
Speaker:So it's just been a joy to
Speaker:actually talk to you about it.
Speaker:And everyone, we're going to put
Speaker:links in the show notes today for
Speaker:the podcast that Matthew has talked
Speaker:specifically about so that you can
Speaker:go and listen to A, some of the work
Speaker:that he's done, which is super cool.
Speaker:And then also just these
Speaker:stories sound really impactful.
Speaker:They sound like.
Speaker:if you feel like you're having a bad
Speaker:day, and you're all, woe is me, then
Speaker:sometimes something like this is
Speaker:what you need to go and listen to.
Speaker:It's putting yourself in a situation
Speaker:where you realize that there are people
Speaker:that have it so much worse than you.
Speaker:I think that that's powerful as well.
Speaker:It's, it's not even that.
Speaker:I think it's, it's more of the idea
Speaker:that when people say go to a support
Speaker:group and that can be the biggest
Speaker:step, this is a way for you to hear
Speaker:about experiences, kind of share
Speaker:your own in your own mind as you hear
Speaker:about them, and connect with someone.
Speaker:Because as we know, is an
Speaker:incredibly engaging medium.
Speaker:It engages in a much different way to
Speaker:snappy YouTube videos and radio shows.
Speaker:That kind of engagement and connection,
Speaker:Yeah, that's beautiful.
Speaker:Absolutely.
Speaker:Oh, all right.
Speaker:Well, thanks so much.
Speaker:And I will talk to you again soon.
Speaker:Absolutely.